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What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & FAQs Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and stiffness. Unlike wear-and-tear arthritis (like osteoarthritis), RA can also affect other parts of the body, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. It’s a progressive condition that can lead to joint damage and disability if not treated timely. In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about Rheumatoid Arthritis — its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, lifestyle tips, and frequently asked questions. Table of Contents What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? Causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment Options Home Remedies & Lifestyle Changes Complications of Rheumatoid Arthritis Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Conclusion What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? Rheu...

What is EMS (Electrical Muscle Stimulation)? EMS, or Electrical Muscle Stimulation , is a modern technique used in both fitness and medical fields to stimulate muscle contractions using electrical impulses. These impulses mimic the action potential that comes from the central nervous system, causing muscles to contract involuntarily. EMS is used for muscle strengthening, rehabilitation, pain relief, and even athletic training. In this article, we’ll explore what EMS is, how it works, its benefits, uses, and potential risks. What is EMS? EMS (Electrical Muscle Stimulation) is a therapy in which electrical impulses are delivered to muscles through electrodes placed on the skin. These impulses stimulate the muscles to contract, similar to what happens during natural movement. EMS is commonly used in: Physical therapy Rehabilitation Sports training Pain management Body toning and fitness How Does EMS Work? EMS devices consist of: Electrodes : Placed on the skin...

TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation): What is TENS? TENS , or Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation , is a non-invasive method of pain relief that uses low-voltage electrical currents to stimulate nerves through the skin. It is commonly used in physical therapy , chronic pain management , and rehabilitation . How Does TENS Work? TENS therapy works by delivering electrical impulses through electrodes placed on the skin, usually near the area of pain. These impulses help to: Block pain signals from reaching the brain. Stimulate the release of endorphins , the body’s natural painkillers. Improve blood circulation in the affected area. This process provides temporary relief from various types of pain without the use of medication. Components of a TENS Unit A typical TENS device includes: Electrode pads : Attached to the skin Control unit : Adjusts intensity, frequency, and pulse width Batteries : Power the unit TENS Parameters Explaine...

MCQs on Shock 1. What is the primary characteristic of shock? A. High blood pressure B. Increased cardiac output C. Inadequate tissue perfusion D. Excessive oxygenation ✅ Answer: C. Inadequate tissue perfusion 2. Which of the following is NOT a type of shock? A. Cardiogenic shock B. Neurogenic shock C. Osteogenic shock D. Hypovolemic shock ✅ Answer: C. Osteogenic shock 3. What type of shock results from severe blood or fluid loss? A. Septic B. Hypovolemic C. Cardiogenic D. Neurogenic ✅ Answer: B. Hypovolemic 4. Which condition is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock? A. Stroke B. Myocardial infarction C. Sepsis D. Hemorrhage ✅ Answer: B. Myocardial infarction 5. Septic shock is usually caused by: A. Allergic reactions B. Blood loss C. Bacterial infection D. Heart attack ✅ Answer: C. Bacterial infection 6. Which of the following is a sign of anaphylactic shock? A. Bradycardia B. Dry skin C. Urticaria and wheezing D. Hypoglycemia ✅ Answer: ...

  Septic shock is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs as a severe complication of sepsis , which is the body's extreme response to an infection. In septic shock, an infection causes widespread inflammation, leading to a dangerous drop in blood pressure , organ dysfunction , and impaired tissue perfusion. 🔍 Definition of Septic Shock Septic shock is defined as a subset of sepsis in which underlying circulatory and metabolic abnormalities are profound enough to substantially increase mortality. It is characterized by: Persistent hypotension requiring vasopressors to maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥65 mmHg Serum lactate level >2 mmol/L despite adequate fluid resuscitation This condition represents the most severe end of the sepsis spectrum and is considered a medical emergency. ⚠️ Causes and Risk Factors Septic shock is caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection that spreads throughout the body. Common sources include: Pneumonia ...

Understanding Cardiogenic Shock: Causes, Symptoms, and Pathophysiology Cardiogenic shock is a critical medical emergency where the heart suddenly fails to pump enough blood to meet the body’s demands. Unlike other types of shock, which may result from blood loss or infection, cardiogenic shock stems directly from the heart’s inability to function as an effective pump. This condition is most commonly associated with a severe heart attack but can occur due to various cardiac issues. It is one of the most serious forms of shock, requiring immediate medical intervention to prevent organ damage or death. What is Cardiogenic Shock? Cardiogenic shock is defined as a state of inadequate tissue perfusion due to severe cardiac dysfunction . In simpler terms, the heart can no longer push blood effectively through the circulatory system, leading to low oxygen supply to tissues and organs. When the heart's pumping action fails, blood pressure drops, and vital organs—including the brain, ...

What is Shock? – Types, Causes, Symptoms, and Management Shock is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. This lack of adequate blood circulation means that vital organs like the brain, heart, and kidneys do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients, leading to cellular and organ dysfunction. If not treated promptly, shock can result in permanent organ damage or death. Understanding Shock In medical terms, shock is not simply an emotional state (like being surprised or scared); rather, it is a critical condition involving the circulatory system. The body’s tissues require a constant supply of oxygenated blood to function. When blood flow is insufficient—due to various causes—cells begin to fail, resulting in widespread bodily collapse. Shock is considered a medical emergency and demands immediate attention. Types of Shock Shock is classified into several types based on its underlying cause: 1. Hypovolemic Shock This occu...