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Brain Encephalitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment Encephalitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening medical condition characterized by inflammation of the brain . It is often caused by a viral infection   but may also occur due to autoimmune reactions , bacteria, or other pathogens. If not treated promptly, encephalitis can lead to severe neurological complications .  What is Brain Encephalitis? Encephalitis is the inflammation of brain tissue. The inflammation causes the brain to swell, which can interfere with normal brain function and lead to a wide range of neurological symptoms. It can be classified as: Primary encephalitis : Direct viral infection of the brain. Secondary encephalitis : An immune response following an infection elsewhere in the body. Causes of Encephalitis 1. Viral Infections (Most Common Cause) Herpes Simplex Virus (most common and severe) Enteroviruses Varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox) Measles, mump...