what are the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome?
what are the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome? The pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) involves a complex series of events that begin with an injury to the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to severe inflammation and impaired gas exchange. ARDS typically develops in response to direct or indirect insults to the lungs. Here’s a step-by-step overview of the pathogenesis of ARDS: 1. Initial Injury ARDS can be caused by: Direct lung injury : pneumonia, aspiration, inhalation of toxic substances. Indirect lung injury : sepsis, trauma, pancreatitis, massive transfusion. 2. Activation of Inflammatory Response The initial injury activates alveolar macrophages . These macrophages release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) This causes recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs. 3. Neutrophil Activation and Injury Neutrophils release: Prote...