what are the clinical features of emphysema?
Clinical Features of Emphysema Emphysema is a chronic lung condition under the umbrella of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It is characterized by permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles due to destruction of alveolar walls, leading to impaired gas exchange and airflow limitation. Pathophysiological Basis of Clinical Features Loss of elastic recoil → air trapping → hyperinflation Destruction of alveolar walls → decreased surface area for gas exchange Airflow obstruction → increased work of breathing These changes result in classic signs and symptoms seen in emphysema patients. Detailed Clinical Features of Emphysema 🔹 1. Progressive Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath) Earliest and most prominent symptom Initially occurs during exertion, then progresses to dyspnea at rest Related to loss of alveolar surface area and impaired oxygen exchange 🔹 2. Minimal Cough with Little or No Sputum In contrast t...