What is pathogenensis of inflammatory bowel disease?
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Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) The pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) —which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis —is complex and multifactorial. It involves a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, dysregulation of the immune system, and alterations in the gut microbiome. Here's a detailed breakdown of the key mechanisms involved: 1. Genetic Susceptibility IBD tends to run in families, indicating a strong genetic component. Over 200 genetic loci have been associated with IBD, especially: NOD2 gene mutations (strongly linked with Crohn’s disease) IL23R , ATG16L1 , and other genes affecting immune response and autophagy These mutations impair the immune system’s ability to handle intestinal bacteria properly. 2. Immune System Dysregulation In IBD, the immune system overreacts to harmless gut microbes or self-antigens. This results in chronic inflammation of the intestin...