what are the causes of low back pain?
Causes of low back pain 1. Mechanical Causes Mechanical issues involve the way the spine, muscles, joints and connective tissues fit and move together. Muscle or Ligament Strain Sudden awkward movements or heavy lifting Repetitive bending or twisting Facet Joint Dysfunction Wear-and-tear of the small joints between vertebrae Localized pain, often worsened by extension or rotation Spondylolisthesis One vertebra “slips” forward over the one below it Can cause nerve compression and instability Spinal Stenosis Narrowing of the spinal canal, often age-related Causes neurogenic claudication (pain, numbness when standing/walking) 2. Disc-Related Causes Discs act as shock absorbers between vertebrae; damage here frequently leads to pain. Herniated (Slipped) Disc Disc nucleus pushes through the annulus, pressing on nerves Sharp or radiating leg pain (sciatica) Degenerative Disc Disease Discs lose hydration and height with age ...