Fractures of the Hip: Types, Causes, Clinical Features, Diagnosis & Management
Fractures of the Hip: Types, Causes, Clinical Features, Diagnosis & Management Introduction Hip fractures are serious injuries that commonly occur in the elderly but can affect all age groups. They involve a break in the proximal femur and often lead to significant morbidity, disability, and increased mortality if not treated promptly. Early diagnosis and timely management are crucial for restoring mobility, reducing complications, and improving functional outcomes. Types of Hip Fractures Hip fractures are broadly classified into intracapsular and extracapsular fractures. 1. Intracapsular Fractures These occur within the capsule of the hip joint. a. Subcapital Fracture Just below the femoral head. High risk of avascular necrosis (AVN). b. Transcervical Fracture Through the neck of the femur. c. Basicervical Fracture At the base of the femoral neck. Complications: High chances of disrupted blood supply → AVN & non-union. 2. Extracapsular Fracture...