Compartment syndrome; causes, symptoms and their physiotherapy management
Compartment Syndrome—Definition, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Physiotherapy Management 🔹 Introduction Compartment Syndrome (CS) is a serious, potentially limb- and life-threatening condition caused by increased pressure within a closed osteofascial compartment . This pressure impedes blood flow and tissue perfusion, resulting in ischemia , neuromuscular damage , and if untreated, necrosis of muscles and nerves. Each limb contains several muscle compartments surrounded by inelastic fascia . The fascia maintains compartment shape and pressure under normal conditions, but it cannot expand when internal pressure rises. When the internal pressure surpasses capillary perfusion pressure , oxygen delivery stops, leading to irreversible tissue death within hours. 🔹 Epidemiology Incidence: Approximately 3.1 cases per 100,000 population annually. Age group: Common in young males (under 35 years) due to higher trauma rates. Common sites: Lower limb: Anterior compartment...