allaboutdpt

  Morphology of Hypertension Hypertension (high blood pressure) causes both macroscopic (gross) and microscopic (histological) changes in various organs, especially the blood vessels, heart, kidneys, brain, and retina. The changes vary depending on whether the hypertension is benign (chronic) or malignant (accelerated) . Microscopic Morphology 🔹 Blood Vessels 1. Benign Hypertension (Chronic) Hyaline arteriolosclerosis : Homogeneous, eosinophilic hyaline thickening of arteriolar walls Due to leakage of plasma proteins and increased ECM by smooth muscle Common in kidneys → benign nephrosclerosis Fibroelastic hyperplasia (in larger arteries): Thickening of the intima and duplication of internal elastic lamina 2. Malignant Hypertension Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis : "Onion-skin" appearance: concentric, laminated thickening of arteriolar walls Due to proliferation of smooth muscle cells and basement membrane Fibrinoid necrosis ...