Types of cerebral palsy
🧠Types of Cerebral Palsy – Characteristics & Causes Cerebral Palsy (CP) is classified into four main types based on neuromotor symptoms , the brain region affected , and underlying causes . Each type has distinct clinical features, pathophysiology , and rehabilitation considerations . 1. Spastic Cerebral Palsy 🔹 Most common type (~70–80% of cases) 🧬 Cause: Damage to the motor cortex or corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts Often due to: Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in premature infants Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Intracranial hemorrhage Infections (e.g., meningitis) Main Clinical Features: Hypertonia (spasticity): velocity-dependent muscle stiffness Hyperreflexia: exaggerated deep tendon reflexes Clonus Positive Babinski sign Scissor gait (due to adductor spasticity) Toe-walking (from gastrocnemius tightness) Muscle contractures and deformities (hip dislocation, scoliosis over time) Delayed gross motor milestones (...