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Subscapularis Muscle: Anatomy, Function, Clinical Tests, and Rehabilitation Introduction The subscapularis muscle is one of the four rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder and plays a central role in both stability and movement of the joint. Located on the anterior (front) surface of the scapula, it is the largest and strongest rotator cuff muscle , contributing significantly to internal rotation of the humerus . Understanding its anatomy, function, and clinical relevance is essential for healthcare professionals, athletes, and anyone interested in shoulder health. Anatomy of the Subscapularis Muscle Origin: Subscapular fossa on the anterior surface of the scapula Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus and anterior capsule of the shoulder joint Nerve Supply: Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5–C7) Blood Supply: Subscapular artery and branches of the axillary artery The subscapularis lies deep in the shoulder, making it less accessible for palpation compared t...